Polymer foams as advanced energy absorbing materials for sports applications—A review

The use of polymer foams is becoming increasingly important due to the attainable weight reduction and value-added properties. development foam structures a popular research area as they have outstanding energy absorbing capability, which related special deformation mechanisms cell structure (cell wall buckling collapse cells). This property exploited by sports industry, where main task such products protect health athlete ensure safe conditions. review provides comprehensive presentation advanced applications polymeric in sports. article presents detail processing technologies foams, well sports-specific regulations contain requirements for products. impact damping typically determined falling tests, were used several previous studies. However, it great challenge compare published results, test parameters tested materials are different. Currently, an unexplored field detailed study multilayer sandwich structures. Understanding effect layer order on mechanical properties would help researchers achieve major improvement this field.